cron is the daemon responsible for executing scheduled and recurring commands (every hour, every day, every week, etc.). atd deals with commands to be executed a single time, but at a specific moment in the future.
locate;
crontab -e (el contenido del mismo es almacenado en el archivo /var/spool/cron/crontabs/usuario).
/etc/crontab o escribir archivos «crontab» adicionales en el directorio /etc/cron.d. Estas dos últimas soluciones tienen la ventaja de poder especificar el usuario bajo el que se ejecutará el programa.
crontab entry describes a scheduled command with the six (or seven) following fields:
Sun, Mon, etc.);
/etc/crontab y en los fragmentos ubicados en /etc/cron.d/, pero no en los archivos de cada usuario);
a-b describes the interval of all the values between a and b. The syntax a-b/c describes the interval with an increment of c (example: 0-10/2 means 0,2,4,6,8,10). An asterisk * is a wildcard, representing all possible values.
Ejemplo 9.2. Sample user crontab file
#Format #min hour day mon dow command # Download data every night at 7:25 pm 25 19 * * * $HOME/bin/get.pl # 8:00 am, on weekdays (Monday through Friday) 00 08 * * 1-5 $HOME/bin/dosomething # every two hours * */2 * * * $HOME/bin/dosomethingelse # Restart the IRC proxy after each reboot @reboot /usr/bin/dircproxy
at executes a command at a specified moment in the future. It takes the desired time and date as command-line parameters, and the command to be executed in its standard input. The command will be executed as if it had been entered in the current shell. at even takes care to retain the current environment, in order to reproduce the same conditions when it executes the command. The time is indicated by following the usual conventions: 16:12 or 4:12pm represents 4:12 pm. The date can be specified in several European and Western formats, including DD.MM.YY (27.07.22 thus representing 27 July 2022), YYYY-MM-DD (this same date being expressed as 2022-07-27), MM/DD/[CC]YY (i.e., 12/25/22 or 12/25/2022 will be December 25, 2022), or simple MMDD[CC]YY (so that 122522 or 12252022 will, likewise, represent December 25, 2022). Without it, the command will be executed as soon as the clock reaches the time indicated (the same day, or tomorrow if that time has already passed on the same day). You can also simply write “today” or “tomorrow”, which is self-explanatory.
$at 09:00 27.07.22 <<END>echo "Don't forget to wish a Happy Birthday to Raphaël!" \>| mail [email protected]>ENDwarning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh job 1 at Wed Jul 27 09:00:00 2022
at now + número período. El período puede ser minutes (minutos), hours (horas), days (días) o weeks (semanas). número simplemente indica la cantidad de dichas unidades deben pasar antes de ejecutar el programa.
cron, simplemente ejecute crontab -e y elimine la línea correspondiente del archivo crontab. Para tareas en at es casi igual de sencillo: ejecute atrm número-tarea. El número de tarea es indicado por at cuando la programó, pero puede volver a encontrarla ejecutando atq que le proveerá una lista de las tareas programadas actualmente.